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Legal aspects of protection against radon
Fojtíková, Olga ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to present legal instruments used by the state to protect citizens from indoor radon and its decay products, to assess their effectiveness and to indicate possible pitfalls in their application. The paper first describes the radon issue from the perspective of natural sciences, introduces the unique Czech approach - the Radon Program, and describes handling of the issue by the state administration. The main emphasis is put on the development of related legislation, especially in the field of atomic and building law, where the state's approach to guidance levels is critically evaluated and where some recommendations for building management are mentioned. The legislation is also closely associated with the provision of state subsidies for anti-radon measures. Current developments are evaluated and options potentially leading to an improved effectiveness of this instrument are outlined. From a practical point of view, the paper is complemented by a case report based on private law and the related protection by civil law instrument.
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The comparison of DLP for CT brain examination and recommended DRL value.
VNOUČEK, Miroslav
The aim of the submitted work is to ascertain the quantity of a real dose through a statistic survey for the helical computed tomography examination protocol of the brain on a CT scanner of the RDG department at Benešov Hospital. A further goal is to suggest possible parametric adjustments to the brain examination protocol in view of possibly exceeding the European reference level (diagnostic reference level, DRL) and to optimise the dose when maintaining a sufficient quality of the image diagnostic utilisation rate. The principle of the CT scan and individual parameters most influencing the dose during CT examination and explanation of terms concerning the calculation of the dose in a CT scan are briefly described in the theoretical part of the work. A CT scanner, which has been used for the measuring, setting of scan parameters and dosage of the given examination protocol using the CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) a dose-length product (DLP) before the measurement, are described In the practical part, the extent of the dose-length product (DLP) examination of the brain of an adult on the given CT scan using a statistic survey and its interpretations is evaluated. A method for optimisation of the dose is described in order to mainly fulfil the criteria of the European diagnostic reference level (DRL) for dose-length product (DLP) and at the same time the figures of the usual CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) marked in the National Radiologic Standards for Computed Tomography. The outcomes of the preformed changes are a helical computed tomography examination protocol of the brain with reduced dose-length product (DLP) while maintaining the diagnostic utilisation rate of the examination.
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Measuring methods of surface contamination with radioactive substance in the nuclear power plant Temelin
PAPAN, Juraj
Monitoring of the occurrence and scope of surface contamination is performed by the Radiation Protection department in order to adopt adequate measures for the protection of persons from unwanted contamination and to inspect observation of limits for surface contamination and for items taken outside the controlled area. The chapter containing results and collected data includes a definition of the measured parameter and it stresses the surface contamination as a major health risk factor, which is demonstrated by conversion of surface contamination values into absorbed doses in the exposed body organs. This is followed by the principles, issues and factors affecting detection of ionizing radiation, particularly the surface activity, which is used to express the extent of surface contamination. The issues of detection are followed by a description of scope and principle of monitoring implementation within which the individual measurements are performed, taking into account the reference levels for specific measurements. The individual measuring procedures are accompanied with descriptions of their use. Apart from a summary description of the implementation of surface contamination monitoring in the nuclear power plant Temelín, one of the objectives of the thesis was the analysis of errors introduced into the measurement process by persons performing the measurements. The main objective of the thesis was to confirm the hypothesis that measures adopted by the Radiation Protection department, based on results from working measurements for the protection of workers who get into contact with radioactivity in form of surface contamination, are sufficient and that the limits for surface contamination of items taken outside the controlled area are not exceeded.
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